ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR); therefore, variants in the MCP-1 gene may contribute to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the -2518 A>G MCP-1 (rs1024611) gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Mexican children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 174 children, including 117 children without insulin resistance and 57 children with IR, with an age range of 6-11 years. Levels for serum insulin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. The -2518 A>G MCP-1 polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR in the upper 75th percentile, which was ≥ 2.4 for all children. Results Genotype frequencies of the rs1024611 polymorphism for the insulin-sensitive group were 17% AA, 48% AG and 35% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 59%, whereas frequencies for the insulin-resistant group were 12% AA, 37% AG and 51% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 69%. The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with IR. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Insulin Resistance/genetics , Chemokine CCL2/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Genetic Markers/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
En diversos estudios se ha identificado que la obesidad y principalmente el aumento de adiposidad en la región abdominal, se asocia con inflamación de grado bajo, resistencia a la insulina (RI), homeostasis alterada de la glucosa y con sus comorbilidades tales como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), la hipertensión, las dislipidemias y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El factor inhibidor de la migración de macrófagos (MIF) es una citocina proinflamatoria involucrada en enfermedades autoinmunes e inflamatorias. Sin embargo, actualmente, se sugiere que el MIF está involucrado en el proceso inflamatorio que acompaña a la obesidad, así como en el control metabólico de las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad. Los diferentes estudios muestran de manera consistente, el aumento en los niveles séricos del MIF en personas con obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 y en los diabéticos que presentan complicaciones microvasculares (la nefropatía, la retinopatía y el síndrome de pie diabético). La relación del MIF con la regulación del metabolismo de la glucosa y la apoptosis de las células β pancreáticas, así como la asociación de algunos polimorfismos funcionales en el promotor del gen del MIF con la obesidad y la diabetes. Esta revisión resume conocimientos basados en estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos sobre el papel del MIF en la obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2.
Several studies have found that obesity and increased adiposity mainly in the abdominal region, are associated with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose homeostasis and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, currently it is suggested that MIF is involved in the inflammatory process associated with obesity and the metabolic control of the complications associated with obesity. Different studies show consistently, increased serum levels of MIF in subjects with obesity, type 2 diabetes and diabetics with microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and diabetic foot syndrome). The relationship of the MIF to the regulation of glucose metabolism and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells, and the association of some functional polymorphisms in the promoter of the MIF gene with obesity and diabetes.This review summarizes, the knowledge based on clinical and epidemiological studies on the role of MIF in obesity and type 2 diabetes.